The United States Secret Service (USSS) is an American federal law
enforcement agency that is part of the U.S. Department of Homeland
Security.[2] The sworn members are divided among the Special Agents and
the Uniformed Division. Until March 1, 2003, the Service was part of the
U.S. Department of the Treasury.[3]
The U.S. Secret Service has
two distinct areas of responsibility: Financial Crimes, covering
missions such as prevention and investigation of counterfeiting of U.S.
currency and U.S. treasury securities, and investigation of major
fraud.[4] Protection, which entails ensuring the safety of current
and former national leaders and their families, such as the President,
past presidents, vice presidents, presidential candidates, visiting
heads of state, and foreign embassies (per an agreement with the U.S.
State Department's Bureau of Diplomatic Security (DS) Office of Foreign
Missions (OFM), etc.[5])
The Secret Service's initial
responsibility was to investigate counterfeiting of U.S. currency, which
was rampant following the U.S. Civil War. The agency then evolved into
the United States' first domestic intelligence and counterintelligence
agency. Many of the agency's missions were later taken over by
subsequent agencies such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI),
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF), U.S.
Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), and Internal Revenue Service
(IRS)
Since the 1960s, Presidents John F. Kennedy (killed), Gerald Ford (twice attacked, but uninjured) and Ronald Reagan
The
Kennedy assassination spotlighted the bravery of two Secret Service
agents. First, an agent protecting Mrs. Kennedy, Clint Hill, was riding
in the car directly behind the presidential limousine only when the
attack began. While the shooting continued, Hill leapt from the running
board of the car he was riding on and jumped on to the back of the
President's moving car and guided Mrs. Kennedy from the trunk back into
the rear seat of the car. He then shielded the President and the First
Lady with his body until the car arrived at the hospital.
September 11, 2001, attacks
The
New York City Field office was located at 7 World Trade Center.
Immediately after the September 11 attacks, Special Agents and other New
York Field office employees were among the first to respond with first
aid. Sixty-seven Special Agents in New York City, at and near the New
York Field Office, helped to set up triage areas and evacuate the
towers. One Secret Service employee, Master Special Officer Craig
Miller,[32] died during the rescue efforts. On August 20, 2002, Director
Brian L. Stafford awarded the Director's Valor Award to employees who
assisted in the rescue attempts.
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The USA Patriot Act, signed into law by
President George W. Bush on October 26, 2001, mandated the U.S. Secret
Service to establish a nationwide network of Electronic Crimes Task
Forces (ECTFs) to investigate and prevent attacks on financial and
critical infrastructures in the United States. As such, this mandate
expanded on the agency's first ECTF—the New York Electronic Crimes Task
Force, formed in 1995—which brought together federal, state and local
law enforcement, prosecutors, private-industry companies, and academia.
USSS
agents carry the SIG Sauer P229 chambered for the .357 SIG or the FN
Five-seveN pistol as sidearms.[51] Agents and Officers are also trained
on shoulder weapons such as the Remington 870 shotgun and the FN P90 and
HK MP5 submachine guns.[51]
Special tactical units such as the
Counter Assault Team (CAT) and the Emergency Response Team (ERT) are
equipped with the Knight's Armament Company SR-16 assault rifle
chambered for 5.56×45mm ammunition.
Uniform Division technicians
assigned to the Counter Sniper (CS) team use custom built .300
Winchester Magnum bolt-action rifles referred to as JAR's ("Just Another
Rifle"), along with 7.62mm KAC SR-25/Mk11 Mod 0 semi-automatic sniper
rifles.
As a less-than-lethal option, Special Agents and Uniformed Division Officers are armed with the ASP expandable baton.
