The Nile valley has been the site of one of the most influential
civilizations in the world with its architectural monuments, which
include the pyramids of Giza and the Great Sphinx—among the largest and
most famous buildings in the world.
Giza Plateau, Cairo. Khafre's pyramid in the background
The
most famous pyramids are the Egyptian pyramids—huge structures built of
brick or stone, some of which are among the largest constructions by
humans. Pyramids functioned as tombs for pharaohs. In Ancient Egypt, a
pyramid was referred to as mer, literally "place of ascendance." The
Great Pyramid of Giza is the largest in Egypt and one of the largest in
the world. The base is over 13 acres (53,000 m2) in area. It is one of
the Seven Wonders of the World, and the only one of the seven to survive
into modern times. The Ancient Egyptians capped the peaks of their
pyramids with gold and covered their faces with polished white
limestone, although many of the stones used for the finishing purpose
have fallen or been removed for use on other structures over the
millennia.
The Red Pyramid of Egypt (c.26th century BC), named
for the light crimson hue of its exposed granite surfaces, is the third
largest of Egyptian pyramids. Menkaure's Pyramid, likely dating to the
same era, was constructed of limestone and granite blocks. The Great
Pyramid of Giza (c. 2580 BC) contains a huge granite sarcophagus
fashioned of "Red Aswan Granite." The mostly ruined Black Pyramid dating
from the reign of Amenemhat III once had a polished granite pyramidion
or capstone, now on display in the main hall of the Egyptian Museum in
Cairo (see Dahshur). Other uses in Ancient Egypt, include columns, door
lintels, sills, jambs, and wall and floor veneer.
The ancient
Egyptians had some of the first monumental stone buildings (such as in
Sakkara). How the Egyptians worked the solid granite is still a matter
of debate. Archaeologist Patrick Hunt has postulated that the Egyptians
used emery shown to have higher hardness on the Mohs scale. Regarding
construction, of the various methods possibly used by builders, the
lever moved and uplifted obelisks weighing more than 100 tons.
Ancient Egypt & Aliens
The
Great Pyramids. The Sphinx. Egypt was a civilization millennia ahead of
its time. Were their technological advances the product of human genius
or could the Egyptians have had help?
Zombies
Zombies may be becoming a reality.
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